Answering some common questions about small earth-mover maintenance

The short answer to that question? Daily.

After all, greasing is one of the most critical maintenance tasks because it prevents dirt contamination and premature wear of machine joints. On small earth-movers, most of these joints are at the pins and bushings of the boom and attachments. Therefore, greasing is essential for small earth-movers to get their job done.

But while greasing is considered a daily maintenance task, not all joints should be greased every day. Always consult the machine’s manual to determine when and how often certain parts need to be greased. The manual also contains recommendations on the amount and type of grease required.

Not all inspections and maintenance should be carried out at the same interval. A distinction should be made between daily inspections and more thorough inspections and maintenance.
 

Daily inspections

These checks must be done before every use to ensure that the small earth-mover is operating correctly and is safe to use. To achieve this, the daily inspection must consist of a visual inspection with a walkaround of the machine. Some of the things that should definitely be done during this inspection are:

• Check fluid levels (engine coolant and oil, hydraulic fluid, transmission fluid, etc.);
• Inspect the exhaust system for any signs of leakage or damage. Remove dirt and debris near the components in this system that become hot during operation to prevent overheating;
• Inspection of tracks and undercarriage parts;
• Inspection of tyres;
• General safety inspection;
• Greasing of pins and bushings;
• Etc.
   

Thorough inspections and maintenance

In addition to daily inspections, small earth-movers should regularly undergo more thorough inspections and maintenance as part of routine and preventive maintenance. In this case, the most important thing is to keep to a fixed schedule because this also provides a clear overview of which parts need to be serviced and when. There are several ways to determine the specific maintenance interval for machine parts:

• Operating hours (e.g. after 500 hours of use);
• Length of time (e.g. every six months);
• Distance travelled (e.g. every 2,000 km).

Which of these three is best for a specific small earth-mover depends on the type of equipment, its typical work environment and the manufacturer’s guidelines.

A rule of thumb recommended by many machine manufacturers is to schedule preventive maintenance every six months or after approximately 500 hours of use. Having a small earth-mover thoroughly inspected by a professional will lead to the early detection of possible defects, minimising the risk of machine downtime.

As the cold winter weather can wreak havoc on small earth-movers, it is crucial to take extra care during daily checks and routine inspections. Some machine components require even more attention, such as the undercarriage of mini-excavators and compact track loaders, which should be meticulously cleaned every day. Dirt or debris left behind can freeze overnight, preventing the sprockets, idlers and rollers from turning properly. Excessive accumulation of frozen dirt could even damage the undercarriage parts.

Equally important in winter is using the appropriate fluids. This means choosing oils, coolants and fuels suitable for cold weather with temperatures close to or below freezing. The engine oil, for instance, should have the correct viscosity for the expected temperatures. Refer to the machine manual for all information on the types of fluids needed in cold weather.
 

And if the machine will hibernate?

Of course, not all small earth-movers are used all year round. Some are stored away during the winter months. If this is the case, it’s best to follow these steps:

1. Prepare the small earth-mover for its winter storage. Clean the machine of grease and dirt (including the engine compartment and undercarriage), and make sure that everything is lubricated as specified in the machine manual. Also ensure that the oil and fluid levels are at the required levels as described in the manual.
2. Visual inspection. This is similar to the daily machine walkaround before each use. If this inspection reveals worn or damaged parts, they should be replaced before storing the machine.
3. Check fluids, oils and filters. Add a fuel stabiliser to the fuel tank if the machine is to be stored over the winter. Refer to the machine manual for more information on winter storage fluids. 
4. Disconnect the battery. It can then be stored separately in a dry place where the temperature remains above freezing.
5. Keep the machine and attachments covered. If possible, store the small earth-mover and its attachments indoors to protect them from the elements. 

Scorching summer days can be just as unforgiving on small earth-movers as the cold. So, in addition to the usual checks, some components require extra attention to ensure the machine can beat the heat:

• All fluids should be at the correct levels. Some fluids require a different mixture to withstand higher temperatures. The machine manual contains more information on when this applies for specific fluids;
• To prevent overheating, thoroughly clean the radiator and cooling system on a regular basis to ensure they are free-flowing. For the same reason, the fan and fan drive belt should be properly adjusted;
• Regularly clean the air flow passages so that hot air in the engine is constantly exchanged with cooler outside air. This will also prevent overheating.

And last but not least, warm days must also be workable for the operator. Therefore, regularly check the air conditioning system in the cabin.